Pandemic Dominoes
“Pandemic Dominoes” is based on the NYT article by Thomas Friedman, “How We Broke The World”, which examines how pandemics develop and spread. Financial, religious, and economic turmoil contribute to the rise of certain criteria that cause zoonotic diseases. I extrapolated that CoVid-19 was the result of a decades long domino effect. The start of the domino infinity loop is the fall of the Twin Towers on 9/11 that resulted in the invasion of Iraq and the resurgence of Islamic terrorist groups. Economic instability follows, with falling oil prices, the subprime mortgage crises and major bank bailouts of 2008 (middle of the board). China rises to a global economic power, and as the country prospers, unchecked environmental destruction causes the loss of buffer habitats for many species that are then forced into populated areas (right top). SARS becomes a major global outbreak, however it is kept in check by governmental cooperation and contact tracing (middle to bottom right). Continued environmental obliteration, as in the burning of rainforests in Malaysia for palm oil plantations (bottom right), destroys natural habitats for profit. Increased profits mean increased trade and travel, and the transfer of diseases between countries quickens and widens (middle board). The African pangolin, sold on the Chinese black market, is suspected as the intermediate host of CoVid-19(middle left). The disease outbreak in Wuhan spreads unchecked through global air travel. Preventive measures may or may not be taken. Death tolls and infection rates grow exponentially. Vaccines are developed but roll-outs are bungled. (top left). This is where this cautionary tale breaks the infinity loop. If we do not stop the destruction of natural habitats, bats, civets, and other disease bearing species will be forced to adapt to city living, spreading viruses that can recombine with human RNA. We have developed globalized networks for increased productivity, but these networks have also resulted in cultural fracturing, environmental destruction, and with that, the zoonotic diseases that spread at alarming speed with catastrophic results. The last two dominoes veer off the board, perhaps into obscurity. The penultimate domino is a portrait of the Corona Virus cell on top, and Earth from space on the bottom. The last domino is left blank to allow the viewer to evaluate the implications of this disease and our response. I’ve used excerpts from scientific journals, and Friedman’s article, to guide the viewer along the domino trail that traces the origins of this global pandemic. And if we are not vigilant in taking precautions as individuals , in governments, in technological advances, and in scientific research and environmental causes, then we will be doomed to repeat this pandemic process over and over again.

Stick with me and I’ll take you on an odyssey to find the origins of CoVid-19. Pangolins are a critically endangered species, prized in China for their meat, blood and scales, said but not scientifically proven to cure several maladies including arthritis and encourage lactation in women. The pangolin has no real defense against predators except to just curl up in a ball. It is heavily trafficked from Cameroon and Malaysia to China. A crucial section of the Pangolin coronavirus genome, the receptor binding domain, is very similar to the RBD of human CoVid-19. Pangolins are believed to be an intermediate host for the virus, when a recombination event occurred between the pangolin genome and bat genome producing a hybrid virus that could infect humans in a vicious and unforgiving way. So if you don’t know, now you know.

The first dominoes represent the 9/11 attack on the Twin Towers resulting in a protracted war, the rise of Islamic terrorist groups, destabilization of the Middle East, and global economic and geopolitical havoc.


As the dollar falls, banks bet on the subprime mortgage movement using the Black-Scholes equation to determine financial risk. This spells doom for many homeowners, leaving them "underwater", owing more than their home is worth. The housing market crashes. The bank bailout of 2008 ensues causing The Great Recession. China lends the US over 1 trillion dollars.

As China flourishes through increasing trade and technological development, destruction of natural habitats gives way to urban development. McMansions are built where rice fields were once cultivated, but these McMansions remain empty, seldom used by their owners who consider them second homes. Pandas are forced into smaller and more widely separated territories, limiting their reproductive opportunities. Intermediate and primary host species are forced from their buffer habitats into urban environments, and the spread of zoonotic disease takes hold.
“Dragon, Tiger, Phoenix” Soup is a delicacy dish served in the Guangzhou province of China. The dragon and the phoenix symbolize yin and yang and the tiger is a symbol of strength. Sounds good, right? The recipe calls for snake as the dragon, chicken for the phoenix, and civet as the tiger. Palm Civets have lost considerable natural habitat and so have adapted to living nocturnally in human territory, much like raccoons in the US. It is believed that SARS-CoVid 2 was transmitted by contact when a chef was preparing the civet tiger for this speciality dish. Hungry? Soup’s on.


Palm oil...it's everywhere. Palm oil plantations are the cause for large scale burning of rainforest and peatland, making it a major contributor to human-induced climate change.


Operation Warp Speed. Herculean efforts by drug companies produce vaccines in record time, but mismanaged distribution results in a confusing and slow vaccination schedule for those who need it most. New cases and death tolls continue to mount. Hospitals are overwhelmed. "Rounding the curve" means nothing when there is no end in sight.
